An estimated 1,600 Canadians are diagnosed with cervical cancer each year and nearly 100% of cervical cancers are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV).
Cervical cancer screening plays a crucial role in preventive healthcare. It can detect precancerous changes early, potentially preventing cervical cancer from developing or spreading. Screening for cervical cancer can be done through HPV tests and/or Pap tests.
HPV test vs. Pap test
The HPV test aims to detect the presence of HPV. These HPV infections occur before the appearance of abnormal cells or pre-cancerous lesions.
The Pap test aims to detect abnormal cells and pre-cancerous lesions on the cervix.
Studies have shown that HPV tests are more accurate than Pap tests, leading to earlier and more reliable detection of potential cancer-causing infections.
HPV Testing
HPV testing may be done in two different ways:
By a healthcare provider (HCP)
When done by a healthcare provider, a sample of cervical cells for HPV testing are taken by the HCP in a clinic.
By the patient themselves
When done by the patient it is called HPV self-collection, where the individual collects their own sample either in private in the clinic or at home.
In all cases, the collected sample is shipped to a lab for testing.
When can I be tested and what test should I get?
Each province and territory has their own cervical cancer screening recommendations. In general, it is recommended that anyone with a cervix aged 25 years up to 69 years of age get screened for cervical cancer every three to five years. Depending on where you live, and other health factors, you might be eligible for an HPV test or a Pap test.
For more information on when you should get tested and what tests are available to you, including HPV self-collection, click on your province/territory below.
Cervical cancer screening guidelines
All Canadian provinces and most territories are planning for HPV testing as the primary method of cervical cancer screening but many are still in the planning and implementation stage.
No organized screening program currently available in the Yukon.
Made possible through the financial support of Roche Diagnostics. The opinions expressed are those of its authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of Roche Diagnostics.
